Another interesting note is: your bike has Pope's Fearnhead Gear: 1899 Columbia Model 59 Shaft Drive Bicycle:
https://coopertechnica.com/1899-Columbia-Model-59-Shaft-Drive-Bicycle.php
http://rustyspokes.com/facts.html
The shaft drive was not well accepted in Britain, so in 1894 Fearnhead took it to the USA where Colonel Pope of the Columbia firm bought the exclusive American rights.[
citation needed] Belatedly, the British makers took it up, with
Humber in particular plunging heavily on the deal.[
citation needed] Curiously enough, the greatest of all the Victorian cycle engineers, Professor Archibald Sharp, was against shaft drive; in his classic 1896 book "Bicycles and Tricycles", he writes "The Fearnhead Gear.... if bevel-wheels could be accurately and cheaply cut by machinery, it is possible that gears of this description might supplant, to a great extent, the chain-drive gear; but the fact that the teeth of the bevel-wheels cannot be accurately milled is a serious obstacle to their practical success".
[3]
In the USA, they had been made by the League Cycle Company as early as 1893.
[4] Soon after, the French company Metropole marketed their Acatane.
[4] By 1897 Columbia began aggressively to market the
chainless bicycle it had acquired from the League Cycle Company.
[4] Chainless bicycles were moderately popular in 1898 and 1899, although sales were still much smaller than regular bicycles, primarily due to the high cost. The bikes were also somewhat less efficient than regular bicycles: there was roughly an 8 percent loss in the gearing, in part due to limited manufacturing technology at the time. The rear wheel was also more difficult to remove to change flats. Many of these deficiencies have been overcome in the past century.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicycle