Patina is more the thin layer of coloration that forms on non-ferrous metals like copper (verdigris usually). Rust is a more active and detrimental thing. If you like the rust color or heavy relic look, there's nothing wrong with that, but it will have to be treated or sealed (unless you live somewhere very dry).
Clear coating has pitfalls. If the surface is not thoroughly prepped, it can bubble. A break in the coating is a problem. One of the telltale signs of a break is when you see areas of more pronounced or brighter brown expanding over time underneath the clear coat. Clear coating can be stripped but many of the same chemicals also strip paint you want to preserve underneath. I think the best candidate for clear coat is a part or a bike with no original paint left, a bare metal finish, and where you can totally break it down and prep the surface throughout.
Other than that, I'd be inclined to treat with an oil or wax. I use Renaissance Wax on small stuff, but a whole bike is going to be a bit much. I'd look at a good quality automotive wax instead for a whole bike.
If you like the "blue-black" look, you can boil rust. The process is to boil, card, and then oil or wax.