Hey Carlton, you mentioned that D&J pre-dates Racycle, when did they start?
Ward
From what I've read and researched, the early Racycle hanger design had many similarities to the W.E. Smith patent design of 1888.
Over the next few years, Smith’s hanger became an industry’s standard. Smith assigned his rights to H.S. Owen. By 1897, Owen (now, the sole proprietor) began legal actions against “all” bike makers for patent infringements…most notably one of the largest; the Pope Mfg.Co.
To avoid being named as a defendant in the law suit, many manufacturers pursued alternative designs…including D&J.
Being a rather shrewd businessman, Pope amassed a roster of bicycle companies and sundries makers and consolidating them into one entity; the American Bicycle Company to collectively fight this lawsuit. With this unity he was able to allocate dollars from each company, thus in turn, acquiring the Smith patent from Owen in the name of A.B.C.
In 1904, Colonel Pope, a litigious pursuer with an iron fist, turned around and sued every company not a member of the newly formed A.B.C. trust for infringing on the Smith patent...demanding royalties for ever bicycle made before 1887!
Several large manufacturers were in Pope's cross-hairs, most notably the Miami Cycle Mfg. Co. Toledo Metal Wheels Co., and Crosby Mfg. (subsequently Crosby buys out a Pope Manufacturing concern in 1905).
Pope’s pursuit against the Miami Co., was much the news at the turn of the century (14 years in litigation) before a settlement was rendered by the end of 1905.
After the settlement with Miami, Pope chased another 77 manufacturers. Conclusion: Pope received a $10 royalty on every bicycle manufactured...for 5 years!