Dave, I agree with everything you mentioned ... Based on everything I've found, its got to be in the 1931- '33 range of years! Right now I'm trying to figure out what pedals go on these cranks with the groove in them. Haven't seen these on any other VK from 1934 or newer. It has an EC Brown CO. Badge on it, they bought the company in 1931 ... I'm thinking this bike was a transition piece from the Mackey Co. In PA to the EC Brown Co in NY. The original color of the bike is Navy blue and off white with red pinstripes. I have yet to see even a picture of one! It has the Skinny 1" tires and rims too ... thanks for the reply, sorry it took so long to read it. I just started to search for the few parts that I need. Pedals & grips