superb article by Mike Cates, adding to our knowledge of the history of the bicycle in America. In my experience I have a box of broken, original grips which could not sustain the fall most high wheelers enounter, as the material is brittle and subject to any impact. Recently I acquired a high wheeler with bowling ball material substitute grips. On its first outing it fell and cracked the grip. this is why I always make the replacements with hard wood, painted or varnished to look like the originals. They can take the impact, usually with a small mark or scuff. Many of the English imported high wheelers used hard wood for the grips, although some tried the ivory or horn material in that pre TOC era.